All countries, overall, 2025

Infrastructure overall, 2025, % of EU

Serbia performed best in the Infrastructure area in 2025, at 45% of the EU average, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Montenegro, at 41-43%. Kosovo and Albania were furthest behind, at 37% and 34%.

Infrastructure overall, annual change in 2025

Changes in the Infrastructure area were minimal in 2025. North Macedonia and Albania improved marginally, by 0.2 pp and 0.1 pp, while Montenegro stagnated. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia slipped back by 0.1 pp and Kosovo by 0.2 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania95

Bosnia & Herzegovina97

KosovoDiverging

Montenegro100+

North Macedonia100+

Serbia100+

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina would need almost a century to reach the EU level in the Infrastructure area, while Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia are more than 100 years away. Kosovo is diverging from the EU average.

Length of motorways

Length of motorways, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania17Km per 10,000 sq km

Bosnia & Herzegovina47.3Km per 10,000 sq km

Kosovo126Km per 10,000 sq km

Montenegro30.3Km per 10,000 sq km

North Macedonia132Km per 10,000 sq km

Serbia113Km per 10,000 sq km

The length of motorways in 2025 was greatest in North Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia, at 113-132 km per 10,000 sq km. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro stood at 47.3 and 30.3 km, while Albania had the shortest network, at 17 km.

Length of motorways, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, North Macedonia and Kosovo performed best, at 59% and 56% of the EU level, followed by Serbia, at 50%. Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 21%, while Montenegro and Albania were far behind, at 13% and 8%.

Length of motorways, annual change in 2025

3 of the 6 countries improved relative to the EU in 2025. Albania recorded the largest gain, of 3.7 pp, followed by Serbia, with 1.6 pp, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 0.9 pp. Montenegro, Kosovo and North Macedonia slipped back marginally, by 0.1-0.3 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania61

Bosnia & Herzegovina100+

KosovoDiverging

Montenegro32

North MacedoniaDiverging

Serbia100+

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Montenegro would reach the EU level in 32 years and Albania in around 6 decades. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia are more than 100 years away, while Kosovo and North Macedonia are diverging from the EU average.

Length of roads

Length of roads, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania1,276Km per 10,000 sq km

Bosnia & Herzegovina4,635Km per 10,000 sq km

Kosovo2,106Km per 10,000 sq km

Montenegro7,302Km per 10,000 sq km

North Macedonia5,903Km per 10,000 sq km

Serbia5,129Km per 10,000 sq km

The length of roads in 2025 was greatest in Montenegro, at 7,302 km per 10,000 sq km, followed by North Macedonia, at 5,903 km. Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 5,129 and 4,635 km, while Kosovo and Albania had the least dense networks, at 2,106 and 1,276 km.

Length of roads, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Montenegro performed best, at 45% of the EU level, followed by North Macedonia, at 37%. Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 32% and 29%, while Kosovo and Albania were far behind, at 13% and 8%.

Length of roads, annual change in 2025

Only two countries improved relative to the EU in 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina, by a sizeable 17.4 pp, and Montenegro, by 0.5 pp. Albania stagnated, while North Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia slipped back marginally, by 0.1-0.4 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

AlbaniaDiverging

Bosnia & Herzegovina20

Kosovo100+

Montenegro100+

North Macedonia100+

Serbia100+

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina would reach the EU level in 20 years. Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia are more than 100 years away, while Albania is diverging from the EU average.

Railway tracks

Railway tracks, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania88Km per 10,000 sq km

Bosnia & Herzegovina290Km per 10,000 sq km

Kosovo403Km per 10,000 sq km

Montenegro236Km per 10,000 sq km

North Macedonia357Km per 10,000 sq km

Serbia564Km per 10,000 sq km

The length of railway tracks in 2025 was greatest in Serbia, at 564 km per 10,000 sq km, followed by Kosovo and North Macedonia, at 403 and 357 km. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro stood at 290 and 236 km, while Albania had by far the shortest network, at 88 km.

Railway tracks, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Serbia performed best, at 61% of the EU level, followed by Kosovo and North Macedonia, at 44% and 38%. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro stood at 31% and 25%, while Albania was far behind, at 9%.

Railway tracks, annual change in 2025

Railway tracks stagnated relative to the EU average in all six countries in 2025.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania100+

Bosnia & Herzegovina100+

Kosovo100+

Montenegro100+

North Macedonia100+

SerbiaDiverging

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia are more than 100 years away from the EU level, while Serbia is diverging from the EU average.

Electricity installed capacity

Electricity installed capacity, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania1,250MW per 10,000 sq km

Bosnia & Herzegovina981MW per 10,000 sq km

Kosovo1,427MW per 10,000 sq km

Montenegro827MW per 10,000 sq km

North Macedonia1,266MW per 10,000 sq km

Serbia982MW per 10,000 sq km

Installed electricity capacity in 2025 was highest in Kosovo, at 1,427 MW per 10,000 sq km, followed by North Macedonia and Albania, at 1,266 and 1,250 MW. Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at around 980 MW, while Montenegro had the lowest capacity, at 827 MW.

Electricity installed capacity, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Kosovo performed best, at 34% of the EU level, followed by Albania and North Macedonia, both at 30%. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia stood at 23%, and Montenegro at 20%.

Electricity installed capacity, annual change in 2025

Only North Macedonia and Albania improved relative to the EU in 2025, by 0.9 pp and 0.7 pp. Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina slipped back by 0.2-0.5 pp, while Kosovo saw the largest decline, of 1.4 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania100+

Bosnia & HerzegovinaDiverging

KosovoDiverging

MontenegroDiverging

North Macedonia46

SerbiaDiverging

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, North Macedonia would reach the EU level in 46 years, while Albania is more than 100 years away. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia are diverging from the EU average.

Safely managed sanitation facilities

Safely managed sanitation facilities, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania69.3% of population

Bosnia & Herzegovina58.1% of population

Kosovo2.2% of population

Montenegro50.9% of population

North Macedonia12.1% of population

Serbia24.1% of population

Access to safely managed sanitation facilities in 2025 was highest in Albania, at 69.3% of the population, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, at 58.1% and 50.9%. Serbia stood at 24.1% and North Macedonia at 12.1%, while in Kosovo just 2.2% of the population had access.

Safely managed sanitation facilities, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Albania performed best, at 77% of the EU level, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, at 64% and 56%. Serbia stood at 27% and North Macedonia at 13%, while Kosovo was at just 2%.

Safely managed sanitation facilities, annual change in 2025

Only Albania and Montenegro improved relative to the EU in 2025, by 2.8 pp and 1.1 pp. Kosovo stagnated, while Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Serbia slipped back by 0.1-0.4 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania8

Bosnia & Herzegovina100+

KosovoDiverging

Montenegro43

North MacedoniaDiverging

SerbiaDiverging

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Albania would reach the EU level in 8 years and Montenegro in 43 years, while Bosnia and Herzegovina is more than 100 years away. Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia are diverging from the EU average.

Safely managed water supply

Safely managed water supply, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania70.8% of population

Bosnia & Herzegovina86.4% of population

Kosovo71.1% of population

Montenegro85.5% of population

North Macedonia80.8% of population

Serbia75% of population

Access to safely managed water supply in 2025 was highest in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, at 86.4% and 85.5% of the population, followed by North Macedonia, at 80.8%. Serbia stood at 75%, while Kosovo and Albania had the lowest rates, at around 71%.

Safely managed water supply, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro performed best, at 89% and 88% of the EU level, followed by North Macedonia, at 83%. Serbia stood at 77%, and Albania and Kosovo at 73%.

Safely managed water supply, annual change in 2025

The indicator stagnated in 2025 in all countries except Kosovo, which improved marginally, by 0.1 pp relative to the EU average.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

AlbaniaDiverging

Bosnia & HerzegovinaDiverging

KosovoDiverging

MontenegroDiverging

North MacedoniaDiverging

SerbiaDiverging

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, all six countries are diverging from the EU average.