All countries, overall, 2025

Digitalisation overall, 2025, % of EU

Serbia led the region in the Digitalisation area in 2025, at 99% of the EU average, almost at the EU level. Montenegro followed, at 82%, and Kosovo at 79%. North Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 77% and 75%, while Albania was furthest behind, at 73%.

Digitalisation overall, annual change in 2025

5 of the 6 countries improved relative to the EU average in 2025. Serbia recorded the largest gain, of 3.7 pp, followed by Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 1.2 pp and 1.1 pp, and Albania and Montenegro, with 0.8 pp and 0.7 pp. North Macedonia was the only country to slip back, by 1.1 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania9

Bosnia & Herzegovina23

Kosovo8

Montenegro18

North Macedonia25

Serbia1

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Serbia would reach the EU level in the Digitalisation area within a year. Kosovo and Albania would need 8 and 9 years, and Montenegro 18 years, while Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia would need 23 and 25 years.

Households with internet access

Households with internet access, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania99.3Percent

Bosnia & Herzegovina88.2Percent

Kosovo99.4Percent

Montenegro88.1Percent

North Macedonia91.2Percent

Serbia90.1Percent

Household internet access in 2025 was highest in Albania and Kosovo, both at 99.3%. North Macedonia and Serbia followed, at 91.2% and 90.1%, while Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro stood at around 88%.

Households with internet access, 2025, % of EU

Albania and Kosovo are above the EU average, both at 105% of the EU level. The other four countries were close behind, at 93-96%.

Households with internet access, annual change in 2025

4 of the 6 countries improved relative to the EU in 2025. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro recorded the largest gains, of 3.7 pp and 3.2 pp, while Serbia and Albania improved by 0.7 pp and 0.6 pp. North Macedonia and Kosovo slipped back marginally, by 0.2 pp and 0.3 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

AlbaniaConverged

Bosnia & Herzegovina3

KosovoConverged

Montenegro7

North Macedonia2

Serbia4

Albania and Kosovo have already converged with the EU average. At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia would reach the EU level in 2-4 years, and Montenegro in 7 years.

Use of e-government services

Use of e-government services, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania62.1Percent

Bosnia & Herzegovina26Percent

Kosovo33.2Percent

Montenegro38.1Percent

North Macedonia20.8Percent

Serbia57.2Percent

Use of e-government services in 2025 was highest in Albania and Serbia, at 62.1% and 57.2% of the population. Montenegro and Kosovo stood at 38.1% and 33.2%, while Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia had the lowest rates, at 26% and 20.8%.

Use of e-government services, 2025, % of EU

Albania is above the EU average, at 108% of the EU level, while Serbia is almost at it, at 99%. Montenegro and Kosovo stood at 66% and 58%, while Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia were furthest behind, at 45% and 36%.

Use of e-government services, annual change in 2025

4 of the 6 countries improved relative to the EU in 2025. Montenegro and Serbia recorded very large gains, of 19.4 pp and 17.4 pp, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 6.6 pp, and Kosovo, with 2.3 pp. North Macedonia fell back by 6.0 pp, while Albania saw the largest decline, of 13.1 pp, though it remains above the EU level.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

AlbaniaConverged

Bosnia & Herzegovina20

Kosovo21

Montenegro12

North MacedoniaDiverging

Serbia1

Albania has already converged with the EU average, and Serbia would do so within a year. At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Montenegro would need 12 years, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo around 2 decades, while North Macedonia is diverging from the EU average.

Enterprises with websites

Enterprises with websites, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania61Percent

Bosnia & Herzegovina68Percent

Kosovo78Percent

Montenegro87.3Percent

North Macedonia54.1Percent

Serbia84.6Percent

The share of enterprises with websites in 2025 was highest in Montenegro and Serbia, at 87.3% and 84.6%, followed by Kosovo, at 78%. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania stood at 68% and 61%, while North Macedonia had the lowest share, at 54.1%.

Enterprises with websites, 2025, % of EU

Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo are above the EU average, at 113%, 110% and 101% of the EU level. Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 88% and Albania at 79%, while North Macedonia was furthest behind, at 70%.

Enterprises with websites, annual change in 2025

Albania was the only country to improve relative to the EU in 2025, by 4.3 pp. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia stagnated, while Serbia slipped back by 0.5 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania11

Bosnia & Herzegovina22

KosovoConverged

MontenegroConverged

North MacedoniaDiverging

SerbiaConverged

Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia have already converged with the EU average. At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Albania would reach the EU level in 11 years and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 22 years, while North Macedonia is diverging from the EU average.

ICT services exports

ICT services exports, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania1% of GDP

Bosnia & Herzegovina1.6% of GDP

Kosovo3.6% of GDP

Montenegro2.1% of GDP

North Macedonia4% of GDP

Serbia5.1% of GDP

ICT services exports in 2025 were highest in Serbia, at 5.1% of GDP, followed by North Macedonia and Kosovo, at 4.0% and 3.6%. Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 2.1% and 1.6%, while Albania had the lowest share, at 1.0%.

ICT services exports, 2025, % of EU

Relative to the EU average, Serbia was almost at the EU level, at 99%, followed by North Macedonia and Kosovo, at 77% and 70%. Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 40% and 31%, while Albania was furthest behind, at 19%.

ICT services exports, annual change in 2025

3 of the 6 countries improved relative to the EU in 2025. Kosovo and Serbia recorded the largest gains, of 5.2 pp and 4.0 pp, while Albania improved by 1.6 pp. North Macedonia slipped back marginally, by 0.2 pp, and Bosnia and Herzegovina by 1.9 pp, while Montenegro saw the largest decline, of 10.3 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania77

Bosnia & HerzegovinaDiverging

Kosovo3

Montenegro77

North Macedonia5

Serbia1

At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Serbia would reach the EU level within a year, Kosovo in 3 years and North Macedonia in 5 years. Albania and Montenegro would need around 8 decades, while Bosnia and Herzegovina is diverging from the EU average.

Value added in ICT

Value added in ICT, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania2.8% of total value added

Bosnia & Herzegovina5.5% of total value added

Kosovo2.6% of total value added

Montenegro5.1% of total value added

North Macedonia6% of total value added

Serbia10.2% of total value added

Value added in ICT in 2025 was highest in Serbia, at 10.2% of total value added. North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro followed, at 5.1-6.0%, while Albania and Kosovo had the lowest shares, at 2.8% and 2.6%.

Value added in ICT, 2025, % of EU

Serbia and North Macedonia are above the EU average, at 182% and 106% of the EU level, while Bosnia and Herzegovina is close to it, at 98%. Montenegro stood at 90%, while Albania and Kosovo were far behind, at 50% and 46%.

Value added in ICT, annual change in 2025

Serbia was the only country to improve relative to the EU in 2025, by 1.0 pp. Kosovo slipped back marginally, by 0.2 pp, and Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina by 1.3 pp and 2.4 pp, while North Macedonia and Montenegro saw larger declines, of 4.3 pp and 8.0 pp.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

AlbaniaDiverging

Bosnia & Herzegovina9

Kosovo100+

MontenegroDiverging

North MacedoniaConverged

SerbiaConverged

Serbia and North Macedonia have already converged with the EU average. At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina would reach the EU level in 9 years, while Kosovo is more than 100 years away. Albania and Montenegro are diverging from the EU average.

People with at least basic digital skills

People with at least basic digital skills, 2025

CountryValueUnit

Albania77.4Percent

Bosnia & Herzegovina81.6Percent

Kosovo85.7Percent

Montenegro87.3Percent

North Macedonia72.8Percent

Serbia87.1Percent

The share of people with at least basic digital skills in 2025 was highest in Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo, at 85.7-87.3%. Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 81.6% and Albania at 77.4%, while North Macedonia had the lowest share, at 72.8%.

People with at least basic digital skills, 2025, % of EU

Montenegro and Serbia are slightly above the EU average, both at 101% of the EU level, while Kosovo is almost at it, at 99%. Bosnia and Herzegovina stood at 94% and Albania at 89%, while North Macedonia was furthest behind, at 84%.

People with at least basic digital skills, annual change in 2025

The indicator stagnated relative to the EU average in all six countries in 2025.

Years to EU level at the average 2025 progress rate

CountryYears to EU

Albania5

Bosnia & Herzegovina4

KosovoDiverging

MontenegroConverged

North MacedoniaDiverging

SerbiaConverged

Montenegro and Serbia have already converged with the EU average. At the pace of improvement from the past 5 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania would reach the EU level in 4 and 5 years, while Kosovo and North Macedonia are diverging from the EU average.